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        <h1 id="面向对象分析与设计"><a href="#面向对象分析与设计" class="headerlink" title="面向对象分析与设计"></a>面向对象分析与设计</h1><p>分析：对问题和需求的调查研究</p>
<p>设计：满足需求的概念上的解决方案</p>
<p>面向对象分析(OOA):在问题域内发现和描写对象</p>
<p>面向对象设计(OOD):如何定义软件对象预计它们之间如何协作以实现需求，所关注的是软件对象的定义-职责与协作</p>
<p>RUP(统一软件过程):架构为中心，用例驱动，迭代与增量式开发，是一种流行的面向对象系统的迭代软件开发过程</p>
<p>测试驱动开发：先写好测试用例，100%通过证明软件开发完成</p>
<p>迭代过程的优点：</p>
<ul>
<li>降低在一个增量上的开支风险，若开发人员重复某个迭代，那么损失只是这个开发有误的迭代的花费</li>
<li>降低了产品无法按照既定进度进入市场的风险，通过开发早期就确定风险，可以尽早解决不至于在开发后期匆匆忙忙</li>
<li>加快了整个开发工作的进度，开发人员清楚问题的焦点所在，他们的工作会更加有效率</li>
</ul>
<p>Java三件宝：框架(最不重要),模式(设计模式，问题),领域模型(概念模型)<br>如何创建领域模型：</p>
<ul>
<li>寻找概念类</li>
<li>绘制类型</li>
<li>添加关联和属性</li>
<li>属性的表示法：<ul>
<li>普通数据类型表示为属性</li>
<li>不要把复杂的领域模型建模为属性</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>统一软件过程(RUP)就是一个迭代的过程<br><img src="https://static.oschina.net/uploads/img/201708/13165354_gtd0.jpg" alt="输入图片说明" title="在这里输入图片标题"></p>
<p>RUP软件开发周期是一个二维的软件开发模型,有4个阶段，9个工作流</p>
<ul>
<li>初始阶段：为系统建立商业案例并确定项目的边界</li>
<li>细化阶段：分析问题领域，建立健全的体系结构基础，编制项目计划，淘汰风险最高的元素</li>
<li>构造阶段：所以构件和应用程序功能被开发并集成为产品，所有的功能被详细测试</li>
<li>产品化阶段：确保软件对最终用户是可用的</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://static.oschina.net/uploads/img/201708/13165435_A5WB.jpg" alt="输入图片说明" title="在这里输入图片标题"></p>
<h1 id="类图"><a href="#类图" class="headerlink" title="类图"></a>类图</h1><p><img src="https://static.oschina.net/uploads/img/201708/13165504_aIKO.png" alt="![输入图片说明](https://static.oschina.net/uploads/img/201708/13165504_aIKO.png &quot;在这里输入图片标题&quot;)" title="在这里输入图片标题"></p>
<p>用例定义：用例是文本形式的情节描述，用于对需求的发现和记录，用例会影响后续的OOA/D工作</p>
<p>场景是参与者和系统之间的一系列特定的交互和活动</p>
<p>用例：就是一组相关的成功与失败场景的集合</p>
<p>用例，强调用户的目的和观点</p>
<p>用例的名称应使用动词开头</p>
<p>编写用例的时候用尽量使用行业的专业名称，而不是专业术语</p>

      
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              },
              error: function(counter, error) {
                console.log('Failed to save Visitor num, with error message: ' + error.message);
              }
            });
          } else {
            var newcounter = new Counter();
            /* Set ACL */
            var acl = new AV.ACL();
            acl.setPublicReadAccess(true);
            acl.setPublicWriteAccess(true);
            newcounter.setACL(acl);
            /* End Set ACL */
            newcounter.set("title", title);
            newcounter.set("url", url);
            newcounter.set("time", 1);
            newcounter.save(null, {
              success: function(newcounter) {
                var $element = $(document.getElementById(url));
                $element.find('.leancloud-visitors-count').text(newcounter.get('time'));
              },
              error: function(newcounter, error) {
                console.log('Failed to create');
              }
            });
          }
        },
        error: function(error) {
          console.log('Error:' + error.code + " " + error.message);
        }
      });
    }

    $(function() {
      var Counter = AV.Object.extend("Counter");
      if ($('.leancloud_visitors').length == 1) {
        addCount(Counter);
      } else if ($('.post-title-link').length > 1) {
        showTime(Counter);
      }
    });
  </script>



  

  


  
</body>
</html>
